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缅甸劳工与就业管理相关法规要点整理
发布日期：2019-03-29 14:16:42
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="line-height: 18.75pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">随着缅甸经济改革的深化开展以及在缅外国投资的逐年增长，缅甸的劳工状况以及与就业管理相关的法律制度也受到了极大的关注。进入<span lang="EN-US">2015</span>年以后，缅甸劳工部及其相关政府职能部门也与劳工代表及雇主代表进行了多轮谈判，最终敲定了最新的最低日薪标准，遣散费支付标准；并着重强调了就业管理制度的实际应用以及政府监督管理的环节。本事务所针对在执业过程中客户经常提出的、与劳工与就业管理相关的一系列问题，对有关的法律法规进行整理，供广大在缅投资者参考：</span><span lang="EN-US" style=""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">招聘过程</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在缅企业可以通过其所在镇区的劳动管理部门、劳务中介或其他方法获取其所需的雇员资源。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">在缅企业（无论人数多少）须在员工入职<span lang="EN-US">30</span>天内与其签署符合缅甸相关法律法规的劳务合同，并在合同中明确工资标准。在<span lang="EN-US">2015</span>年<span lang="EN-US">8</span>月<span lang="EN-US">28</span>日，缅甸政府刚刚出台最低工资标准（最低日薪不得低于<span lang="EN-US">3,600</span>缅币，<span lang="EN-US">8</span>小时标准工作日），该标准的适用范围不包括员工人数在<span lang="EN-US">15</span>人以下的小微企业。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">企业在与其雇员签订符合相关法律法规的劳务合同（劳动部门目前提供的模板仅有一般性条款，企业可根据自身需要进行修改）后，须在企业所在地镇区的劳动管理部门备案，并通过主管部门的审查（文件审查<span lang="EN-US">+</span>实地审查）。</span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">用工过程</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">新雇员试用期为三个月。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">企业须依法为雇员申报并缴纳社会保险 （雇主须缴纳雇员工资收入的<span lang="EN-US">3%</span>，雇员须缴纳其工资收入的<span lang="EN-US">2%</span>，共计<span lang="EN-US">5%</span>，且社保计算基数不得超过<span lang="EN-US">30</span>万缅币）。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">企业须依法代扣并代缴雇员的个人所得税。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">工作时间不超过<span lang="EN-US">8</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>工作日或<span lang="EN-US">44</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>周。对于需要进行连续作业的工种，工作时间不超过<span lang="EN-US">48</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>周。每周工作日不得超过<span lang="EN-US">6</span>天，每周必须设置<span lang="EN-US">1</span>天为休息日。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">每周加班时间不得超过<span lang="EN-US">16</span>小时（工厂为<span lang="EN-US">2</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>工作日，商铺<span lang="EN-US">/</span>办公室为<span lang="EN-US">3</span>小时<span lang="EN-US">/</span>工作日），如为连续作业，则每周加班时间不得超过<span lang="EN-US">12</span>小时。雇主应向雇员支付的加班薪酬应为常规薪酬的<span lang="EN-US">2</span>倍。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">6. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">法定带薪假期的情况：</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">公共假期（<span lang="EN-US">Public Holidays</span>）：<span lang="EN-US"> 21</span>天<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">年假（<span lang="EN-US">Annual Leave</span>）<span lang="EN-US">: 10</span>天<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">事假（<span lang="EN-US">Casual Leave</span>）：<span lang="EN-US"> 6</span>天<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">病假（<span lang="EN-US">Medical Leave</span>）<span lang="EN-US">: 30</span>天<span lang="EN-US">/</span>年</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">产假（<span lang="EN-US">Maternity Leave</span>）<span lang="EN-US">: </span>产前<span lang="EN-US">6</span>周<span lang="EN-US">+</span>产后<span lang="EN-US">8</span>周</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">陪产假（<span lang="EN-US">Paternity Leave</span>）<span lang="EN-US">: 15</span>天</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">7. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">根据<span lang="EN-US">2012</span>年颁布的《社保法》（<span lang="EN-US">Social Security Law</span>），对于与雇员患病及生育相关的福利应由社保部门提供。在实际操作中，可以考虑由雇主首先为雇员提供上述福利，并随后向社保部门索赔。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 21.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">解雇过程</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">如雇员的行为违背了其必须承担的工作义务，且雇主已经正式发出三次或三次以上警告的情况下，雇主可以解雇雇员且不承担任何遣散费。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">除前述情况外，雇主如要解雇其所雇佣的，并在此前持续为其工作的雇员，则须根据雇员最近一次的薪水（不包含加班费）向雇员支付遣散费。具体规定如下：</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">a. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满<span lang="EN-US">6</span>个月且不足一年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">0.5</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">b. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满一年且不足两年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">1</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">c. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满两年且不足三年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">1.5</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">d. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满三年且不足四年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">3</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">e. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满四年且不足六年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">4</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">f. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满六年且不足八年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">5</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">g. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满八年且不足十年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">6</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">h. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满十年且不足二十年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">8</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">i. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作满二十年且不足二十五年的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">10</span>个月薪水的遣散费；</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 63pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">j. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">雇员为该雇主工作二十五年及以上的，雇主应向雇员支付<span lang="EN-US">13</span>个月薪水的遣散费。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin-left: 21.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">外籍雇员</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">对于依照《缅甸外商投资法》（<span lang="EN-US">Foreign Investment Law, FIL</span>）设立的企业，可以依法向缅甸投资委员会（<span lang="EN-US">MIC</span>）提交申请并为其外籍雇员申请长期居留签证。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">2. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">对于一般外资服务型公司，可以为其外籍雇员申请商务签证（最长居留时间为<span lang="EN-US">70</span>天）。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">对于非技术工种和低技术工种，则企业必须聘用缅甸本地雇员。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">4. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">对于依照<span lang="EN-US">FIL</span>设立的企业，在其设立的第<span lang="EN-US">1-2</span>年<span lang="EN-US">/3-4</span>年<span lang="EN-US">/5-6</span>年中，其所聘用的缅甸公民技术雇员占企业总技术雇员的比例必须不少于<span lang="EN-US">25%/50%/75%</span>。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 42.1pt; line-height: 18.75pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">5. </span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">对于依照<span lang="EN-US">FIL</span>设立的企业，需要每年向<span lang="EN-US">MIC</span>提交其员工培训计划。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
（2019-03-29 14:16:42）
